Why are so many banks falling?
A run on deposits (leaving the bank without the cash to pay customer withdrawals). Too many bad loans/assets that fall sharply in value (eroding the bank's capital reserves). A mismatch between what the bank can earn on its assets (primarily loans) and what it has to pay on its liabilities (primarily deposits).
The increase in mobile banking use, inflation and interest rates, and real-estate struggles all contributed to why 2023 experienced so many banks shutting their doors. These issues caused Silicon Valley Bank to collapse in March 2023, with First Republic Bank and Signature Bank following only a few months later.
“In theory, your money is safe,” Pendergast says. “But that's a bit like saying your house is safe during an inferno if you have fire coverage. It's not a stress-free process to go through.” The main cause for worry during a bank failure would be if the total of your deposits exceeds the FDIC coverage limit.
In recent years, Bank of America's financial performance has been relatively stable. In 2022, the bank reported a net income of $20.4 billion, a decrease from the previous year's $27.4 billion. However, its revenue increased from $91.2 billion in 2021 to $95.2 billion in 2022.
2024 in Brief
There are no bank failures in 2024. See detailed descriptions below. For more bank failure information on a specific year, select a date from the drop down menu to the right or select a month within the graph.
1. Flawed Bank Analysis. Banks fail because of poor risk management, broader economic conditions, mismatch between assets and liabilities, fraud, and inadequate supervision. However, there should be a defined metric to evaluate a bank's safety.
Generally, money kept in a bank account is safe—even during a recession. However, depending on factors such as your balance amount and the type of account, your money might not be completely protected. For instance, Silicon Valley Bank likely had billions of dollars in uninsured deposits at the time of its collapse.
If your bank fails, up to $250,000 of deposited money (per person, per account ownership type) is protected by the FDIC. When banks fail, the most common outcome is that another bank takes over the assets and your accounts are simply transferred over. If not, the FDIC will pay you out.
1. Federal Bonds. The U.S. Treasury and Federal Reserve (Fed) would be more than happy to take your funds and issue you securities in return. A U.S. government bond still qualifies in most textbooks as a risk-free security.
JPMorgan Chase, the financial institution that owns Chase Bank, topped our experts' list because it's designated as the world's most systemically important bank on the 2023 G-SIB list. This designation means it has the highest loss absorbency requirements of any bank, providing more protection against financial crisis.
Is it true that Bank of America is closing?
Bank of America has closed more than 100 branches in 2023, and is preparing to close more locations next year, starting in January. One of the reasons for the closures is the rise of online banking. In recent years, competition has increased against banks that offer only online services.
FDIC Insurance
Most deposits in banks are insured dollar-for-dollar by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. This insurance covers your principal and any interest you're owed through the date of your bank's default up to $250,000 in combined total balances.
If the bank fails, you'll get your money back. Nearly all banks are FDIC insured. You can look for the FDIC logo at bank teller windows or on the entrance to your bank branch. Credit unions are insured by the National Credit Union Administration.
"In future, probably banking may cease to be a separate service. Instead, banking would be embedded in all the products and services which consumers are expected to avail. Embedded finance is the integration of financial services or tools within the products or services of a non-financial organisation.
Nonetheless, the transition could be bumpy, with banks potentially raising lending rates and becoming less willing to lend. Many analysts expect the buffer to disappear in 2024, with a range of predictions from late in the year to as soon as March.
Generally speaking, credit unions are safer than banks in a collapse. This is because credit unions use fewer risks, serving individuals and small businesses rather than large investors, like a bank.
Based on this array of flawed assumptions and mismanagement, each bank put billions of funds to work, some in loans and others in bonds. Most of these investments were made at lower interest rates. As inflation increased, by 2022, interest rates skyrocketed and these longer-term loans and bonds lost market value.
San Francisco-based First Republic Bank goes down as the second-largest failure in U.S. history. Santa Clara, California-based Silicon Valley Bank follows at number three on the all-time list and New York City-based Signature Bank is the fourth-largest bank to fail.
Put simply, a bank run occurs when a large portion of a bank's customer base withdraws money from their accounts in a short period of time because they fear the institution might go out of business. Multiple factors can influence depositors' trust in a bank.
Most banks are insured by the government's Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC, Servon said. That insurance covers up to $250,000 per customer, and $500,000 for joint accounts. That means that if a bank loses its customers' money, the federal government will reimburse it.
What happens to my money in the bank if the market crashes?
Deposits Are Protected by the FDIC. This is overwhelmingly the main form of protection that consumers have in case their banks fail due to an economic downturn or other issue. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) is a semi-private organization that was created in the wake of the Great Depression.
Still, the FDIC itself doesn't have unlimited money. If enough banks flounder at once, it could deplete the fund that backstops deposits. However, experts say even in that event, bank patrons shouldn't worry about losing their FDIC-insured money.
Uninsured depositors have lost their money in just 6% of all bank failures since 2008. But before that, it was the norm for uninsured depositors to lose it all when a bank went bust.
By law, after insured depositors are paid, uninsured depositors are paid next, followed by general creditors and then stockholders.
While it is legal to keep as much as money as you want at home, the standard limit for cash that is covered under a standard home insurance policy is $200, according to the American Property Casualty Insurance Association.
